• Detail of a miniature of a siren, depicted as a woman with the tail of a fish, pulling a sailor from a boat by the hair, while another sailor stops his ears to avoid hearing the siren's song, with a centaur holding a bow below., Aviarium (index Bestiary); Bestiary, in the Dicta Chrysostomi form (index Physiologus)

Detail of a miniature of a siren, depicted as a woman with the tail of a fish, pulling a sailor from a boat by the hair, while another sailor stops his ears to avoid hearing the siren's song, with a

• Miniature of elephants, a dragon, and a mandrake., Aviarium (index Bestiary); Bestiary, in the Dicta Chrysostomi form (index Physiologus)

Miniature of elephants, a dragon, and a mandrake. 1 full-page diagram with frame and central roundel in colours and gold (f. 2v). Numerous large miniatures in colours (29 of the aviarium; 24 of the bestiary). 1 large puzzle initial in

• Detail of a miniature of a wild ass (onager)., Aviarium (index Bestiary); Bestiary, in the Dicta Chrysostomi form (index Physiologus)

Detail of a miniature of a wild ass (onager). 1 full-page diagram with frame and central roundel in colours and gold (f. 2v). Numerous large miniatures in colours (29 of the aviarium; 24 of the bestiary). 1 large puzzle initial

• Miniature of lizards (lacerta) with wings, on the left, and to the right, a sawfish (serra), a winged sea monster, and a ship, and below this, vipers (vipera) mating with the male putting his head into the female's mouth, and giving birth, with the young gnawing through her side., Aviarium (index Bestiary); Bestiary, in the Dicta Chrysostomi form (index Physiologus)

in red, usually with blue penwork decoration or pen-flourishing. Highlighting of letters in red. Aviarium (index Bestiary); Bestiary, in the Dicta Chrysostomi form (index Physiologus) Probably Archbishop George Neville ofYork (d.1476), (see James 1928). Inscription in Greek (f. 1*).Sir

• Historiated initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning), of the Original Sin, at the beginning of Genesis. Above the initial word, Adam and Eve are depicted under a tree holding apples, while the snake is rolled up on the trunk of the tree. Beneath the initial word, three dogs are chasing a hare., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Initial-word panel ~Elleh~ (these) decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, and with a medallion containing a coat of arms (of Joab Emmanuel), at the beginning of Exodus., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Initial-word panel decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, at the beginning of Numbers., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Initial-word panel ~Elleh~ (these) decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, and with a medallion containing Moses speaking to the people of Israel, at the beginning of Deuteronomy., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Decorated initial-word panels with pen-flourishing., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Coloured initials with pen-flourished decoration., Leaf from de Chauliac's 'Surgery' (index Chirurgia magna), Book VI, in English translation (originally ff. 107-107v in New York, Academy of Medicine, MS. 12, from which it was removed by John Bagford)

Coloured initials with pen-flourished decoration. The volume is a collection of fragments from manuscripts of different date and origin. It was originally part of a collection of fragments from manuscripts and printed books, including maps and drawings, assembled by the

• Initial-word panel decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, at the beginning of Leviticus., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Detail of a pge: historiated initial-word panel, ~Bereshit~ (in the beginning), of the Original Sin, at the beginning of Genesis. Above the initial word, Adam and Eve are depicted under a tree holding apples, while the snake is rolled up on the trunk of the tree., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Detail of a page: decorated initial-word panel ~Elleh~ (these) and a medallion containing the coat of arms of Joab Emmanuel, at the beginning of Exodus., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

nation for £10,000 (a fraction of their contemporary value) under the Act of Parliament that also established the British Museum; the Harley manuscripts form one of the foundation collections of the British Library. Coat of arms Samuel Samuel Solomon ben

• Detail of a page: initial-word panel decorated with floral border inhabited by birds, at the beginning of Numbers., Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos (ff. 1-310v); ~Haftarot~ with commentary (ff. 311-399v); Five Scrolls (~Hamesh megillot~, ff. 400-439)

the coat of arms represented in Harley 5716-5717, the patron of which was Joab Emmanuel. Thus the codex most probably was ordered by the same patron, Joab Emmanuel.Domenico Irosolimitano (fl. last quarter of the 16th century-first quarter of the 17th

• Detail of decorated initials, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V., Copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V

Detail of decorated initials, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V. The calligraphic copies include representations of a harp (f. 68) and a double flageolet (f. 101) (see Augustus Hughes-Hughes, ~Catalogue of Manuscript Music in the British Museum~,

• Detail of initial 'M'(arcus) with interlace and bird's head decoration, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V., Copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V

Detail of initial 'M'(arcus) with interlace and bird's head decoration, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V. The calligraphic copies include representations of a harp (f. 68) and a double flageolet (f. 101) (see Augustus Hughes-Hughes, ~Catalogue of

• Detail of initial with bird's head decoration, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V., Copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V

Detail of initial with bird's head decoration, a copy of a page from Cotton Otho C.V. The calligraphic copies include representations of a harp (f. 68) and a double flageolet (f. 101) (see Augustus Hughes-Hughes, ~Catalogue of Manuscript Music in

• Puzzle initial 'H'(ere), at the beginning of the Visions of Matilda., Liber specialis gratiae (the Booke of Gostlye Grace)

at the beginning of the Visions of Matilda. A 14th-century translation of the 13th-century Liber Spiritualis Gratiae by the German mystic Mechtild of Hackeborn, a Cistercian nun at Helfta, Saxony.One of thirteen known surviving books signed by Richard III: see

• null, Book of Hours, Use of Rome

1797, d. 1861), 2nd duke of Buckingham and Chandos; sold in 1849 to Lord Ashburnham.Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1797, d. 1878), 4th earl of Ashburnham, of Ashburnham Place, Sussex.Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1840, d. 1913), 5th earl of Ashburnham: purchased by the

• null, Book of Hours, Use of Rome

1797, d. 1861), 2nd duke of Buckingham and Chandos; sold in 1849 to Lord Ashburnham.Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1797, d. 1878), 4th earl of Ashburnham, of Ashburnham Place, Sussex.Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1840, d. 1913), 5th earl of Ashburnham: purchased by the