• Detail of illuminated initial 'A'(d dominum cum tribularer), with foliate motifs, at Psalm 119., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of an illuminated initial 'D'(ixit dominus domino meo), with foliate and knotwork motifs, at Psalm 109., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Text page with plain initials in gold 'C'(anticum Psalmorum)., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of tinted drawing with the Virgin Mary standing at the base of the cross., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of illuminated initial 'D'(eus in nomine tuo saluum me fac) at Psalm 53., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Illuminated initial 'D'(eus reppulisti nos) at Psalm 59., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of illuminated initial 'D'([omi]ne exaudi orationem meam), with beakhead, foliate, and knotwork motifs, at Psalm 101., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of illuminated initial 'B'(enedictus), with foliate motifs, at Psalm 143., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Illuminated initial 'B'(eatus vir qui non abiit) with a beast's head, and knotwork and foliate motifs, at the beginning of Psalm 1., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Illuminated initial 'D'(ixit dominus domino meo), with foliate and knotwork motifs, at Psalm 109., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Illuminated initial 'A'(d dominum cum tribularer), with foliate motifs, at Psalm 119., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of an illuminated initial 'B'(enedicite)., Psalter (the 'Ramsey Psalter' or 'Psalter of Oswald'), in the Gallican version, with a litany (ff. 209-211) followed by prayers (ff. 211-214)

the time the manuscript was made); perhaps made for Oswald, founder of Ramsey abbey, bishop of Worcester, and archbishop of York from 972 to 992: mentioned in Ramsey's 14th-century catalouge as a 'Psalter of St Oswald' (see Gameson 1996).Thomas Powell:

• Detail of a miniature of David pointing to his mouth, and illuminated initial 'D'(ixi), at the beginning of Psalm 38., Psalter, in the 'Breviary of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria'), Use of Rome (index Breviary of Jean sans Peur)

(see Meiss 1974, esp. p. 232), started in c. 1410 after the completion of the Belles Heures in 1409 (New York, Cloister's, Acc. No. 54.1.1).This manuscript (summer portion) formed originally a single volume together with Additional 35311 (winter portion). The

• Manuscripts of the West Midlands

Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 4. Robbins, R. H., ed, 1959. Historical Poems of the XIVth and XVth Centuries , New York: Columbia University Press. Ward, H. 1910. Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum ,

• Manuscripts of the West Midlands

Dictionary , 4 vols, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 4. Matzke, J. 1909. Les oeuvres de Simund de Freine , New York: Johnson Reprint, 1968. Meyer, P. 1884. ‘ Notice et extraits du MS. 8336 de la Bibliotheque de Sir Thomas

• Manuscripts of the West Midlands

456). Catalogued and encoded: Rebecca Farnham, University of Birmingham, March 2004. Blake, N. F. 1972. Middle English Religious Prose , York Medieval Texts, London: Arnold. Boffey, J. 2003. ‘ The Charter of the Abbey of the Holy Ghost and its

• Manuscripts of the West Midlands

in the Vernon Manuscript , Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, pp. 1-13, p. 8. Dreves, G. 1961. Analecta Hymnica , New York; London: Johnson Reprint Corp. Erler, M. C. 2002. Women, Reading, and Piety in Late Medieval England , Cambridge: Cambridge