• Mary at the Foot of the Cross

have made a great impression in England. It influenced no extant Middle English poem, and, though found in late MSS., was not used in the office of the English Church." (Julian, p. 1082, supports this.) The Royal MS represents a

• Mary at the Foot of the Cross

have made a great impression in England. It influenced no extant Middle English poem, and, though found in late MSS., was not used in the office of the English Church." (Julian, p. 1082, supports this.) The Royal MS represents a

• Ywain and Gawain: Introduction

the Middle English Romance." Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 1977. [Argues for a certain set of English conventions that the Ywain-poet shared with his contemporaries and which he consciously manipulated in his work.] Speirs, John. Medieval English Poetry: The

• Lydgate, The Siege of Thebes: Prologus

170 175 Incipit Prologus. Whan brighte Phebus passed was the Ram Myd of Aprille and into Bole cam, And Satourn old with his frosty face In Virgyne taken had his place, Malencolik and slowgh of mocioun, And was also in

• St. Andrew and the Three Questions in the Scottish Legendary (c. 1400)

valid, worthy, profitable, useful"; from OE dugan, which became obsolete in the later Middle Ages except in Scotland. Compare Modern English doughty. 1081-82 The third question, admirably suited to the context in various ways, continues to thematize the relationship between

• The N-Town Plays: Play 7, Root of Jesse

names of the thirteen kings are found in the patriarchal genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:1–16. The only other extant English Prophets Play is Towneley Play 7, which has only four characters: Moses, Daniel, David, and the Sibyl. This is

• The Craft of Lovers

and commentary, see Robbins, "Love Epistle," pp. 289-92; Wilson, "Five Unpublished Secular Love Poems," pp. 399-418; and Person, Cambridge Middle English Lyrics, pp. 14-16. 16 intemerate jenypere. The juniper is known for its ability to withstand fire and its berries

• John Lydgate, The Floure of Curtesye

1.452-567). 49 crampisshed. Thynne: crampessh at. Both MacCracken and Skeat emend Thynne's reading. 84 Male Bouche. An allegorical figure, in English known as Wicked Tongue or Foul Mouth (i.e., slander or gossip); this figure, as well as "Daunger" (line 81)

• Octavian

the Old French Octavian: Jhesu that syttyth yn trynyt Blesse the fadur that gate the And the modur that the dud bere 1058 ff. The ironic detail of Florent's presentation of the giant's head does not appear in the Old

• Lydgate, Troy Book: Book 1

rescue him. The story was popularized by Gregory of Tours's Liber de miraculis Beati Andreae Apostoli (c. 593). Several OldEnglish translations exist. In his De situ terrae sanctae, Theodosius (sixth century) writes that Sinope, which was then called "Myrmidona,"

• John Gower: In Praise of Peace

(chapter 4 in Hochon's Arrow). 25 thow art lerned. On Henry IV's books, see Doyle, "English Books"; Meale, "Patrons, Buyers and Owners"; and Summerson ,"English Bible." 29 Kyng Salomon. This is an abbreviated version of Solomon's career. Although in CA

• A Gest of Robyn Hode

English yoman, perhaps contraction of yongman); for the relevance of the term to the audience of the Robin Hood materials, see General Introduction, pp. 9-11. 5 outlaw. A person excluded from legal protection and rights (OldEnglish utlaga, from

• Codex Ashmole 61: Item 5, Sir Isumbras

him Stay have forgotten; (see note) goods so Either in youth or in old age Choose; mind (heart) anxious; sighing; (t-note) there; (see note) surrender become feeble old age dreary (sorrowful) (t-note) swift Dead; destroyed hounds crazed Each in various

• Thomas of Hales, Love Rune

the `Ancren Riwle."' Modern Language Review 51 (1956), 161-67; and Takami Matsuda, "The Ubi Sunt Passages in Middle English Literature," Studies in English Literature (Japan) 59 (1983), 65-81, especially 74. 67 and Ideyne. So DW, DB; MS: the recorded usages

• A COMPLAYNTE OF A LOVERS LYFE: Introduction

saw too the possibilities for a kind of high-style religious poetry in English that would embody his own austerely orthodox piety, fulfil his desire to promote the English language as an engine of nationhood, and preempt the claims of the

• Duodecim Abusiones (The Twelve Abuses)

(i.e., honor) A judge without justice A rich man without pity (i.e., giving no alms) A people without laws An old man without religion A servant without fear An arrogant poor man A youth without obedience wisdom; (see note) honor

• Richard II's Reign and the Peasants' Revolt: John Ball's Sermon Theme

the "false ravings" (insanias falsas) of John Wyclif, whom Walsingham elsewhere describes as "vetus hypocrita, angelus Sathanae, antichristi praeambulans" (an old hypocrite, Satan's angel, a walking antichrist) as well as a heretic with "dampnatas opiniones." See Chronicon Angliae, ed. E.

• The Storie of Asneth

English manuscript being copied (assuming the ME source was ruled about the same as the ruling in the Ellesmere MS). The ratio of Latin lines per page is about the same as that of the Ellesmere and the Middle

• Item 24, Sir Cleges: Introduction

Brockway Hale, eds. Middle English Metrical Romances. 2:877–95 [Based on the Advocates MS.] Laskaya, Anne, and Eve Salisbury, eds. The Middle English Breton Lays. Pp. 367–407. [Based on Ashmole 61.] McKnight, George H., ed. Middle English Humorous Tales in Verse.

• The Wright's Chaste Wife

English Writings Mainly Before 1500 (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1968), T320. 43 wyfe. There may be a link between the word "wife" (wife or woman) and weaving since "to wifeth" or "to weave" in