• Sir Eglamour of Artois

mantyll wondyn And with a goldyn gyrdull bowndyn, As he was browght to the lond. The kyng of Israell was old; To Degrebell hys sone he told, "I wold thou haddest a wyfe; For I trow thou art me dere.

• Codex Ashmole 61: Item 34, The Stations of Jerusalem

NOTES Abbreviations: GL: Jacobus de Voragine, Golden Legend; H: London, British Li­brary MS Harley 3810; MED: Middle English Diction­ary; OED: The Oxford English Dictionary; S: San Marino, CA, Huntington Library MS HM 144; Title The Stasyons of Jerusalem. The title

• Croxton Play of the Sacrament

Middle English; MED: Middle English Dictionary; MS: Dublin, Trinity College MS F.4.20; MSH: Salatko Petryszcze, ed., Le Mistere de la Saincte Hostie, trans. Curtis R. H. Jirsa and John T. Sebastian, with the assistance of Alice Colby-Hall. OED: Oxford English

• John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Volume 2: Introduction

possess some kind of agency.34 What is remarkable about the Bodley 902 drawing of Amans is his presence as an old man, rather than as a young lover; a figure, perhaps, of Gower the impersonator, rather than simply the conventional

• The Book of John Mandeville

the Egerton Version (Travels) and Seymour's two Oxford editions of the Cotton Version (Mandeville's Travels, 1967 in Middle English; 1968 in Modern English). Our manuscript, Royal 17C, is notable for the smooth transition it makes over the Egypt Gap. Whereas

• Robin Hood and the Bishop: Introduction

Robin Hood and the Monk. This story is told in the Forresters manuscript under the title Robin Hood and the Old Wife, with the sheriff playing the role of villain. While it is conceivable this was the original structure, and

• Robin Hood Rescues Three Young Men: Introduction

and sons of Widow Scarlet. In that and in other versions of the ballad there seems some link between this old woman and the one who changes clothes with Robin for his protection in Robin Hood and the Bishop. On

• Codex Ashmole 61: Item 13, A Morning Prayer

The notion of guardian angels goes back to early Christian belief, supported by various mentions of angels in both the Old and New Testaments. Though never a fixed doctrine, scholastics such as Thomas Aquinas supported the theory of guardian angels

• Sir Perceval of Galles: Introduction

Walter Hoyt, and Charles Brockway Hale, eds. Middle English Metrical Romances. Vol. 2. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1930. Rpt. New York: Russell tien de Troyes English'd." Neophilologus 71 (1987), 596-613. [Examines how the English poet changes characters, shortens passages, adds supernatural

• King Horn: Introduction

French, Walter Hoyt, and Charles Brockway Hale, eds. Middle English Metrical Romances. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1930. Gibbs, A. C., ed. King Horn, Havelok, Floriz rpt. 1962. Sands, Donald B., ed. Middle English Verse Romances. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,

• The Sqire of Low Degree

edition, in Middle English Metrical Romances (1964); K = Kittredge readings suggested in M (1904); M = Mead edition (1904); R = Ritson edition, in Ancient English Metrical Romances (1802); S = Sands edition, in Middle English Verse Romances (1966);

• Ancrene Wisse, Part Three

see the glossary). The AW author often glosses French-derived words such as familiarite with their native English equivalents, but the absence of the English explanation in Cleo. and Nero may indicate that it was originally an interlinear or marginal gloss.

• The Assembly of Ladies

With that anon come Perseveraunce And wher I stoode she com streight to me: 'Ye bien,' quod she, 'of myn old acqueyntaunce, Yow to enquere the bolder dare I be What worde they bere eche after theyr degre; I pray

• Item 39, Sir Orfeo: Introduction

The Middle English Breton Lays. Pp. 15B59. [Thoroughly annotated.] Rumble, Thomas, ed. The Breton Lays in Middle English. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1965. Pp. 206B26. [Prints text of Ashmole 61.] Sands, Donald B., ed. Middle English Verse Romances.

• Book of Job

in English Literature, ed. Jeffrey; HS: Peter Comes­tor, Historia Scholastica, cited by book and chapter, followed by Patrologia Latina column in paren­theses; K: Kalén-Ohlander edition; MED: Middle English Dictionary; NOAB: New Oxford Annotated Bible; OED: Oxford English Dictionary; OFP: Old

• Stanzaic Life of Margaret

when greedy men opened it, assuming it was filled with treasure. For an English translation of the Testament, see D. C. Durling and J. Charlesworth, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983), pp. 935-97. 239 Margaret

• Anticlerical Poems: Allas, What Schul We Freris Do

English, perhaps by John Purvey, begins with mention of friars: "Heere the freris with ther fautours [abettors] seyn that it is heresye to write thus Goddis lawe in English and make it knowun to lewid men" (taken from Middle

• Robert Henryson, Shorter Poems: Weaker Attributions

indeed since you ask They; Death, truly Calling; their biers Whenever; please, place; where none so strong; brisk; yet young; old; poor Wherever; go; whether; early Must; themselves wholly; rule Since; thus; work must die In; youth alas; stubborn Could

• Robert Henryson, Shorter Poems: Weaker Attributions

indeed since you ask They; Death, truly Calling; their biers Whenever; please, place; where none so strong; brisk; yet young; old; poor Wherever; go; whether; early Must; themselves wholly; rule Since; thus; work must die In; youth alas; stubborn Could

• Robert Henryson, Shorter Poems: Weaker Attributions

indeed since you ask They; Death, truly Calling; their biers Whenever; please, place; where none so strong; brisk; yet young; old; poor Wherever; go; whether; early Must; themselves wholly; rule Since; thus; work must die In; youth alas; stubborn Could