• Inhabited initial-word panel with the name of the scribe ('Benjamin, the scribe') and the first word of a hymn for Passover composed by Benjamin ben Azriel., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• The four creatures described in the vision of Ezekiel (Ez. 1:5-12) incorporated into a frame around a liturgical poem referring to the Divine Throne written by Benjamin bar Samuel (Davidson vol.2 , no. 190)., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of a giant bird, ~Bar Yokhnai~, one of the eschatological animals, which the rabbis identified with ~Ziz~. Caption: 'This is a bird which is called Bar Yokhnai'. On ~Bar Yokhnai~ see e.g. Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berakhot 57b., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Noah's Ark with the raven seated on the ark and the dove returning with a sprig of olive in its peak (Gen. 8:7-11). Caption: 'This is Noah in the ark and the dove resting on it'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of King David playing a harp. Caption: 'This is King David playing a harp'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Adam and Eve with the female-headed serpent and the Tree of Knowledge. Caption: 'This is Adam and Eve naked and the Tree of Knowledge and the serpent'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of the Tree of Life guarded by four angels. Caption in the outer margin: 'This is the Tree of Life and a flaming sword that turned every way' (cf. Gen. 3:24)., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of the Tree of Life guarded by four angels. Caption in the outer margin: 'This is the Tree of Life and a flaming sword that turned every way' (cf. Gen. 3:24)., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Ritual illustration of celebrants around a Seder table with the master of the house lifting the first cup, at the beginning of the Haggadah., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of some of the Temple implements (the Ark of the Covenant, the Table of Shewbread, and a jar) and the two kerubim. Caption: 'These are the cherubs streching out their wings above the kapporet and the golden table'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Samuel beheading Agag (1Sam. 15:33)., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Moses keeping his hands lifted by the help Aaron and Hor during the war against the Amalekites (Ex. 17:12). Caption: 'This is Moses, and Aaron and Hor supporting his hands'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page diagram in the calendar., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of the twelve rods with the flourishing rod of Aaron in the middle (Num. 17:17-25). Caption: 'These are the twelve rods, and the rod of Aaron was among their rods'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Moses hitting the rock in the desert to bring forth water with two Israelites behind his back., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of Abraham lifting his knife upon Isaac and being stopped by an angel who is pointing to the substitute offering for Isaac, the ram stuck in the bush. Caption: 'This is the sacrifice of Isaac on the altar and the ram caught by its horns'., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Full-page miniature of the plan of nine spheres according to the Ptolemaic system. Outermost circle: the Hebrew names of the zodiac signs, the second circle: names of Hebrew months corresponding to the zodiac signs; innermost circle: names of seven planets., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Folio with illegible inscriptions on the upper part., Miscellany of biblical and other texts ('The Northern French Miscellany' or earlier 'the British Museum Miscellany'): including the Pentateuch, ~Haftarot~, ~Tiqqun Sofrim~, Five Scrolls, prayer book for the entire year with Haggadah, legal texts, poetry, calendars, Book of Tobit in Hebrew, etc.

was a user-produced codex made by Benjamin for himself, see ~The North French Hebrew Miscellany (British Library Add. MS. 11639)~ (London: Facsimile Editions, 2003), pp. 70-71, 124-125. Numerous inhabited initial-word panels, and inhabited and decorated panels in colours and gold

• Detail of a map of the oceans and inhabited regions,with the zones 'inhabitabilis'; 'temperata nostra', with Italy and the Caspian sea; the 'Rubrum mare' and 'Indicum mare'; and below the 'Temperata antoecorum'; and the 'inhabitabilis', illustrating the Commentary, II.9.1-7 on the ocean., Commentary on Cicero's Somnium Scipionis, fragment

library in Düsseldorf: bought the entire Graevius library in 1703 (see Wright 1972). Giovanni Giacomo Zamboni (d. 1753), resident in London for the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (c. 1723-1753), friend of Michael Mattaire, the classical scholar and historian of printing: bought

• Detail of a decorated initial 'X'(PI] at the beginning of Matthew 1:18., Gospels

Roman numerals, I-IX (ff. 19v-98v) and letters.Unusual punctuation in the form of 2 dots and a comma, also found in London, British Library Additional manuscript 9381 from Bodmin, Cornwall. Canon tables decorated with coloured interlaced geometric and foliate patterns (ff.